A string is a sequence of characters enclosed within quotes. Strings are one of the most commonly used data types in Python and are versatile for various operations such as manipulation, formatting, and searching. Let’s understand some functions of strings.

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1.1 How to create string ?

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To create strings we can either enclose the words in single or double quotes. for example: ‘Hello World’

“Hello World”

Both are correct

print(‘Hello  World’)

print(“Hello  World”)

Hello World

Hello World

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See there is no diffrence between the two sentences the result is same

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1.2 Now let’s see some string operations

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1. Concatenation

You can concatenate (join) two or more strings using the + operator.

W1 = “Good”

W2 = “Byeee”

W3 = W1+W2

print(W3)

GoodByeee

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2.Repetition

You can repeat a string multiple times using the * operator.

name = “Dyuti! ” * 3

print(name)

Dyuti! Dyuti! Dyuti!

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3.Slicing

You can extract a portion of a string using slicing

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text = “Hello, Kitty!”

slice = text[7:12] # 7  is starting  index  and  12  is ending  index,  7th  value  is␣

↪not included

print(slice)

Kitty

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4.Indexing

You can access individual characters in a string using indexing

text = “Hello, Kitty!”

first_char = text[0]

print(first_char)

H

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NOTE : Indexing starts at 0

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5. Length

we can find the length of a string using the len() function.

text = “Hello, Kitty!”

length = len(text)

print(length)

13

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6. lower() and upper()

Convert a string to lowercase or uppercase

text = “Hello, Kitty!”

print(text.lower())

print(text.upper())

hello, kitty!

HELLO, KITTY!

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7.strip()

Remove whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.

text = ”   Hello, Kitty!  

” print(text.strip())

Hello, Kitty!

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8. replace()

Replace occurrences of a substring with another substring. Part of a string is known as substring

text = “Hello, Kitty!”

result  =  text.replace(‘Hello’,’Byee’)

print(result)

Byee, Kitty!

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9.split()

Split a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter

text = “apple,banana,cherry”

fruits = text.split(“,”)

print(fruits)

[‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]

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10. join()

Join a list of strings into a single string with a specified separator

fruits  =  [‘apple’,  ‘banana’,  ‘cherry’]

text = “, “.join(fruits)

print(text)

apple, banana, cherry

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11.f-Strings

Use f-strings for more readable and concise string formatting.

This is a newly added function in the latest module of Python.(Python 3.6+).

name = “Bhuvan Bam”

age = 30

message  =  f”Name:  {name},  Age:  {age}“

print(message)

Name: Bhuvan Bam, Age: 30

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1.13.1 NOTE: Strings in Python are immutable, which means that once a string is created, it cannot be changed. Any modification creates a new string.

text = “Hello, Kitty!”

result  =  text.replace(‘Hello’,’Byee’)

print(text)

print(result)

Hello, Kitty!

Byee, Kitty!

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See the original string which is “text” even after modifying when we print “text” again, we get the same answer. This makes it clear that Python does not modify the existing string but it rather makes a new string. Hence, Strings are immutable i.e. cannot be changed

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